Compostos antimicrobianos produzidos por Streptomyces Spp.

Abstract

The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria encourages the search for new antibacterial substances. Therefore, the selection of microorganisms with potential for production of new antimicrobial compounds have been extensively studied. Among these organisms a special attention is given to the actinomycetes that have the capacity to produce a variety of bioactive compounds such as antibiotics, antifungal, antitumor and other compounds that can be applied in various industry segments. The genus Streptomyces is considered of great industrial importance due to its ability to produce many secondary metabolites, accounting for 80% of currently used antibiotics. Considering the importance of actinomycetes and existing biodiversity in the Amazon, this study aims to isolate and select actinomycetes producing antibiotics and optimize their production. In this sense, he was made an initial screening to detect the antimicrobial activity of 371 actinomycetes isolated from soil from different localities in the Amazon region. Antibiosis trials were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganisms isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative. From these preliminary results, three isolates were considered promising because it showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 292123. These were selected for the study of production, using the response surface model to assess the best physical and chemical conditions that might interfere with production of the antibiotic of interest. The results presented here demonstrate that the isolate No. 01 is a potential producer of new bioactive metabolites. Morphological characterization and partial sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, demonstrate the great diversity of this group of microorganisms, and can thus identify the genus level. It has been shown that environmental conditions and the substrate are critical in the production of secondary metabolites, especially antibiotics.