Levantamento de fungos do filo Basidiomycota e etnomicologia na reserva natural de Palmari no município de Atalaia do Norte-AM

Abstract

The sustainable use of macrofungi biodiversity has generated economically viable products and processes and is an important set of productive actions. Thus, research on biodiversity and its possibilities of use based on advances in biotechnology are one of the themes in the set of research and development activities, bearing in mind the richness of species and ecological niches existing in these ecosystems. Still, the perception of fungi are fundamental elements for scientific research related to the conservation of these ecosystems and for the benefit of society itself. This work aimed to carry out a survey of basidiomycetes, thus allowing to systematize information on the diversity of fungi found in the Palmari Natural Reserve, and to evaluate the ethnomycological knowledge of the local population, in the municipality of Atalaia do Norte-AM. On the RNP trail, collections and photographic records of fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota were carried out. The area was demarcated using 4 transects measuring 40 x 40. As for identification, macrofungi guides and database platforms were used. On the RNP trail, 5,623 specimens and 43 species were reported, which have beneficial properties for society and the environment, in the production of metabolites, consumption of their fruiting, decomposition of organic matter and biotechnological value. With regard to ethnomycology, 93% of respondents know and have heard about fungi, and highlighted school as one of the main acquisitions of knowledge. The school constitutes an innovative educational path as a fundamental part in the acquisition of mycological knowledge, in the development of products of economic and social interest, on the potential of fungi in various biotechnological, food, environmental processes, etc. It emphasizes the importance of the most diverse perceptions of RNP tourists, RNP workers and the Palmari community, relating to empirical and scientific knowledge about fungi. It was found that fungi are considered microorganisms that play a prominent role, which are important for society and the environment. The importance of RNP is still highlighted, which allowed the relationship between the most diverse cultures, presenting itself as a means between people for the conservation of nature. The genus Hygrocybe sp. is a new occurrence in Amazonas, and the species Coprinus niveus is a new occurrence for Brazil. However, research on the biodiversity of macrofungi and their possibilities of use based on advances in biotechnology must be carried out, as well as new studies of perceptions that allow a better understanding of the knowledge of fungi.