Fatores de risco para óbitos por influenza A H1N1 no estado do Amazonas, no ano epidêmico de 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Type A influenza is responsible for seasonal flu epidemics and is often associated with increased rates of hospitalization and death from pneumonia, especially in patients who have conditions and risk factors. In the state of Amazonas, 120 cases of infection by Influenza A/H1N1 were reported in 2019, of which 34 evolved to death. Knowing the temporal trends and spatial distribution patterns of influenza epidemics, understanding the negative prognostic factors in critically ill patients with influenza is an important step towards the adequate planning of strategies for controlling the epidemic and mitigating damage. Objective: To identify the risk factors for death from influenza A/H1N1 in the state of Amazonas, in the epidemic year of 2019. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out using secondary data from epidemiological surveillance in the state of Amazonas. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors with death from influenza. Results: In 2019, 161 hospitalizations for influenza A were recorded in Amazonas, of which 50% were aged between 13 and 59 years and 55% were female. Patients aged 13 to 59 years and 60 years or older, and those with lung disease, had a higher risk of dying, while the use of antivirals was a protective factor. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that when dealing with patients with influenza, factors such as the age range from 12 to 59 years, 60 years or more, and pneumopathies should be observed as risk factors for death, while timely treatment is evidenced as a factor of protection.