Qualidade e uso da água na percepção ambiental dos moradores do bairro Santa rosa, em Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

The presence of materials in water, usually due to anthropogenic activities, when proven to exist at concentrations above the permitted limits, restricts the use of this environmental resource to the intended use, based on human health risk assessment (potability standard). Therefore, the research was carried out using a case study based on systemic complexity, seeking to know the phenomenon in its context in the real life of the residents and students of the Santa Rosa neighborhood in Tabatinga. The objective of the research was to "elaborate a didactic material on the quality and use of water in order to understand the strategies used by the subjects and to carry out physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes as a support for the teaching of Environmental Sciences in basic education." To do this, it was necessary to "characterize the ways of access and use of water by residents of the Santa Rosa neighborhood", "assess water quality for a better understanding of the reality in the neighborhood" and "describe the environmental perception of residents and students about quality and water use "in accordance with the parameters established by Ministry of Health Ordinance No. 2,914 / 11. The research instruments adopted were an interview form, accompanied by field diary, documentary survey, direct observation, photographic survey, followed by physicochemical and microbiological analyzes of the water for the determinations of appearance, chlorine, deposit, odor, pH, temperature, turbidity, total coliforms and Escherichia coli, together with the content analyzes of the interviewees' speeches. Qualiquantitative results were submitted to descriptive statistics, in a triangulation perspective, interpreted based on the structure of similar responses until saturation, weaving from the parts to the whole. The results showed that 70% of the inhabitants have as a source of access to water from tubular wells. This water is stored in polyethylene plastic boxes of 1000L by 33%; and 37% said that this water is good for everything and the perception of the residents is that this water is good (58%). From the 25 samples of water analyzed, it was found that the water intended for human consumption presented discomfort in at least 1 item of the acceptable and acceptable values of potability by Ordinance No. 2,914 of 2011 of the Ministry of Health. It is concluded that some of the residents are accessing water outside the standards established by the legislation, and that the improvement of this quality depends mainly on the implementation and diffusion of basic sanitation; for human consumption, depends on care and treatments; in addition to public policies focused on prevention programs related to the environmental health of residents and students of the Santa Rosa neighborhood in Tabatinga, Amazonas.