Análise da viabilidade da produção de compósito constituído de resíduo de MDF e resina vegetal.

Abstract

Processes and products developed from the use of waste can contribute to reducing the risks of depleting natural resources. In the furniture industries, composites are widely used as raw material for the manufacture of furniture, among them the medium density fiber board (MDF). However, the processing of MDF sheets generates a large amount of waste, which often is not disposed of correctly, despite its economic potential. Sawdust is a waste that is hardly reused or returned to production. In this sense, the objective of this research is to develop composite material with MDF residues for waste reduction and to evaluate the potential of MDF powder agglutinated with vegetable resin for making the composite panel, reducing waste reduction in the furniture industry and application in the design of products. A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the data mining technique of Blum, Merino and Merino (2016), as well as a case study with a manufacturer of modulated furniture. From this, a pilot project was carried out in an experimental way to make a composite panel based on vegetable resin and MDF sawdust. With the results of this experiment, Panel 2 was made, comparing the properties of the resulting material. To corroborate the results obtained with Panels 1 and 2, a third panel was made (Panel 3), where the comparison results were these: density tests, obtained the following results: in the pilot project panel it was 936.65 Kg / m3, 889.6 Kg / m3 in panel 2 and panel 3 presented a value of 760.97 Kg / m3. For the swelling test, values of 2.5% after 2h and 16.1% after 24h of submersion in water, were presented by the pilot panel. Panel two was more resistant with 0.03% after 2h, and 1.06% after 24h of submersion; the value for panel 3 was higher than panel 2, but lower than the pilot project panel, with values of 4.21% and 5.89%, for 2 and 24 hours, respectively. For the 2h tests, the panels showed values below 8%, which is the maximum considered by the standard. Even so, the results presented in all samples met the value established by the standard. The absorption rate was similar between all panels, the pilot panel reached 5.7% and 20.71% for the 2h and 24h tests, respectively, panel 2 presented 6.11% (2h) and 21.64% (24h), while the result for absorption of panel 3 in 2h was 8.73% and for 24h it presented a value of 32.01%. The workability tests on panel 2 and 3 obtained positive results for the cutting, sanding tests, gluing, screw fixing and machining. However, panel three is the one that most closely resembles the characteristics and properties of MDF panels. It is still important to evaluate the properties of the material subjected to biological attacks, moisture absorption, acoustics and durability, for a better characterization, as well as to verify the economic viability of industrial production for its commercial exploitation.