Territórios pluriétnicos em construção: a proximidade, a poiesis e a praxis dos indígenas em Manaus

Abstract

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the pluri-ethnic territories in construction, beginning from the speech acts of the indigenous people, situated in specific contexts. The fieldwork research consists of the systematization of the acts of speech, from interviews, registered during and after cartographic activities, consisting in ethnic and political discourse, from which aspects that characterize the relationship between ethnicity and the State are defined. The locutions refer to the context of land conflicts which imply the resistance to remain in the physical spaces, objectified by ethnic criteria that constitute pluri-ethnic organization. The investigation prioritizes the elocutions of the leaders from the villages of Kuaná (Cuieiras River, tributary of the lower Black River), Yupirunga, Santa Maria, Parque das Tribos and the United Nations Community Association (Tarumã neighborhood), in the western zone of the city of Manaus, as well as the Indigenous People of the Rising Sun Settlement, in the northern zone of Manaus. The research demonstrates that the organizations mentioned have considered the present moment as a time of struggle for the physical space, delimited for housing and common use of the land. In this way, there has been identified, in the face of an agrarian system based on business interests, aimed at atomized families and individuals, that the economic relations interact through political – legal relationships, which function as programmatic and utilitarian instruments, with the effect of promoting the disassociation of the indigenous organizations and their values in respect to natural resources, or by keeping them invisible to society, controlled by an inclusion-exclusion dynamic, in agreement with the interests defined in political mechanisms. Finally, the research shows the emergence of the speech acts in opposition to these conditions and presents the affirmative praxis of the self-definitions of the indigenous people, explained through their collective way of living, in which their pluri-ethnic territories are formulated. By bringing this context to social philosophy, the research explains this process from the framework of the following categories: proxemia, proximidade, poiesis and praxis, based on Latin American philosophic thinking, which empirically explains the constitution of the ethnic force in the indigenous praxis in the urban context, which arise form trajectories and which update the validity of the forms of resistance for the right to live in the city. This right forms part of the struggle for recognition - discourse appropriated by the social agents, whose lives were historically denied by modernization, stigmatized, excluded by economic dimensions – cultural and political, and that came to question such conditions through their speech acts.