O sustento que vem das águas: dinâmica socioambiental da pescar artesanal na APA/Nhamundá-Parintins-AM

Abstract

This study aimed to know the dynamics of small-scale fishing and the relationship of fishermen with the environment, analyzing all the aspects involved in the fishing practices in a conservation area, from three perspectives: fishing practices in protected areas, checking how is the fishing activity in sustainable development environments, at the same time it proposed to analyze the protected areas management in the State of Amazonas and its performance within the APA / Nhamundá. It verified the conservation forms and the participative management initiatives of ichthyofauna resources within the Macuricanä complex lakes, the main biotic attribute of the APA; and the inclusion of public policy Seguro Defeso and its importance in the life of artisanal fisherman. Finally, sought to understand the forms of collective use of the fishing areas of the territory APA / Nhamundá and territoriality contained in the fishing environment in order to enhance the meaning assigned by fishermen to Macuricanä lakes, emphasized in the ethnic knowledge employed in fishing. As instruments we used the qualitative approach, bibbbliographical and documentary research, semi-structured interviews, supported by previously produced forms, direct observation, photographic records and phonoaudiographic, marking points on GSP and development of mental map. From the accomplishment of the research showed that small-scale fishing in the APA / Nhamundá is streamlined under different aspects: social, economic, cultural and political, the latter evident in the interstate, municipal and community conflicts, which require management and will policy. The public policy of security of the artisanal fisherman, although there have been advances with its reformulation, as the women entering the work of fishing, there is much to be done to improve the fishing activity, for the artisanal fisherman in century XXI, is still socially stigmatized as lower social class individual to be inserted into another social program of the federal government transfer income. However, despite the technological conditions of inequality with respect to the townspeople fishermen, which doubles the time and the fishing effort, the artisanal fisherman considers the lacustrine environment Macuricanä your "place", maintaining close relationship with the environment, demonstrated by knowledge traditional employee in the fishing practice.