Revisão integrativa sobre os problemas envolvidos no uso da isotretinoína oral no tratamento da acne

Abstract

Acne is a clinical condition characterized as a chronic inflammation of the skin, quite common especially in young people, appearing mainly during puberty. One of the treatment options is oral isotretinoin, sold as Roaccutan® in doses of 10 or 20 mg for moderate to severe acne. Isotretinoin shows good results by reducing sebum production by the sebaceous glands, thus preventing the formation of acne. However, the use of this medication is associated with a series of adverse effects. Therefore, despite improving patients' skin, this medication can cause other skin, mucosal and systemic problems, which raises concerns among doctors, and also among pharmacists who fill these prescriptions. For this study, an integrative review was carried out using Google Scholar as the initial search platform and the works selected were platforms such as Scielo, AcervoMais and EmNuvens. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to facilitate the study, focusing on works published from 2010 to 2024. This word had the objective comprehensively and critically analyze the problems of isotretinoin in the treatment of acne, exploring the consequences of its use, administration protocols and patient safety considerations. In total, 10 studies were selected and, according to the authors, the main adverse reactions cited were dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, laboratory changes such as increased cholesterol, triglycerides and liver enzymes, alopecia, photosensitivity, teratogenic effects (prenatal development abnormal) in addition to possible depression, but this is an adverse effect that has been studied. However, care must be taken with the dose and duration of treatment for patients. Due to this, the importance of pharmaceutical monitoring in accessing information about adverse reactions is demonstrated, thus avoiding unnecessary suspension of the medication or more serious complications.