Conservação da agrobiodiversidade por agricultores familiares em áreas de várzea na Amazônia Central

Abstract

The management and conservation of local varieties in lowland environments are by nature highly influenced by the river regime. However, climate change in terms of hydrological extremes will impose even more restrictions on the species cultivated at these sites. This work aimed to highlight the characteristics of the agrobiodiversity of the community of São Francisco da Costa do Terra Nova in terms of composition and management and how these mechanisms are being influenced by extreme floods and droughts. The richness of the diversity of cultivated species was measured by the Shannon-Winner index and the equability by the Pielou index. Abundance was also measured through the Participatory Analysis of Four Cells. The composition of landscapes, socioeconomic factors, conservation methods and effects related to extreme events were obtained from the descriptive statistics. The richness of species is influenced by the quota of the rivers, being the lower areas holding the smallest number of species due to the influence of floods and droughts. The local practices of conservation of propagules need improvement, since they are not efficient for all the species. Germplasm exchange does not cover all species. Although it is the main source of obtaining of plants, the exchange is restricted to the members of the community. The occurrence of losses and abandonments of plants is becoming more frequent, especially in species of self consumption. Adaptations resulting from the resilience of local farmers are sensitized to water anomalies. Therefore, there is a need to develop efficient conservation and management measures for floodplain environments, in order to avoid the loss of local varieties, as well as to promote the maintenance of the lives of the farmers who depend on them, involving them in the participation of mitigation measures , as a basic form of coping with local climate change.