A Economia Social e Solidária na cadeia de valor da castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia Excelsa Bonpl.): um novo paradigma extrativista para Amazônia

Abstract

Family Farming and the Social and Solidarity Economy, as new paradigms of production and consumption, genuinely Latin American, began to gain prominence in international agendas as alternatives to guarantee our civilizational future. In the Amazon, two other established paradigms are in constant conflict, Agriculture and Livestock aimed at the massification of industrialization in agricultural processes and the traditional Extractive paradigm associated with multiple forest management and linked to environmental conservation. Currently, the Brazil nut value chain is the main extractive chain in the Amazon region, but it is undergoing a recent process of devastation of its nut trees. In this context, the general objective of this thesis was to analyze the potential of the Brazil nut value chain, from the perspective of cooperative agro-industries in the interior of the State of Amazonas, for the establishment of a new extractive paradigm in the Amazon. The methodological course of this thesis followed, as an epistemological line, the historical approach of Bachelard, in a multiscale relationship, the macroscale being Family Farming and the Social and Solidarity Economy, the mesoscale the Family Farming enterprises organized collectively in the Legal Amazon and extractivism. on a microscale in the Brazil nut value chain. The main results show that, on a macro scale, Family Farming and the Social and Solidarity Economy undergo a process of paradigmatic transition and emerge as two new scientific fields, the first being consolidated and the second emerging. On the same scale, there is representativeness in the distribution of Social and Solidarity Enterprises of Family Farming in most of the 772 municipalities of the 9 States, with Amazonas as the protagonist in relation to the number of associates and cooperative members per enterprise, with emphasis on extractive chains. On the microscale, a new extractive paradigm emerges, based on the organizational culture and management processes of the cooperatives in the nut value chain, and these companies can integrate the initial links to the final links of the chain and face the secular supply system that still promotes today. the subordination of labor in relation to capital and environmental exploitation. Finally, it is concluded that it is necessary to guarantee the overcoming of evident weaknesses in relation to the number of people in the administration of the cooperatives, clarity of the governance process, legal protection against inadequate government intervention, as well as support and debureaucratization of the certification process and exchange of experiences with other Civil Society Organizations.