Os hibridismos do artesanato quilombola do Rio Andirá, Amazonas: análise da rede sociotécnica à luz dos saberes locais e etnoecológicos

Abstract

Every social group is connected to an important network structured by nature, human beings and technical objects resulting from the meeting of the first two. Traditional communities are great examples of how it is possible for societies to compose a network that respects culture, identity, local way of life and the natural world. This study focused on delineating the sociotechnical network that supports the production of artisanal objects from the quilombola communities of the Andirá River, located in the municipality of Barreirinha, Amazonas State. The research took place specifically in three communities: Santa Tereza do Matupiri, Ituquara and São Paulo do Açu, in order to understand how their actors connect and act. The quilombola’s identity, territory and way of life shown to be definitive for artisanal making, and from these, the composition house-swidden-forest-river emerges guiding the practices of handicrafts. The objects studied here, broom, paneiro, manioc sifter, tipiti and various clay artifacts, are essential to guarantee family subsistence and result from the relationship of artisans with the group. Quilombolas recognized as feitores (makers) those whose life was organized around the making. They became artisans recognized by their peers based on manual practices, stimulated since childhood, accumulated traditional knowledge, experience in the forests and rivers and engagement with the material. The artisan is a hybrid actor, resulting from the quilombola's deep connection with his community, with nature and with the material manipulated. The objects that are created by them accumulate the history of the one who does it, of those who taught him, of the ethno-ecological relationship with the surrounding nature, the community, and the needs of its members.