Idade dos pais como fator de risco para fissuras labiopalatais: uma meta-análise

Abstract

The orofacial clefts are the congenital malformations that affect the face and oral cavity mostly. The etiology of oral clefts is multifactorial and complex, and genetic and enviromental factors are the most important. Although the association between parental age and orofacial cleft has been investigated by several authors, there is no consensus on this association. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the relationship between parental age and the occurrence of oral cleft. The methods applied included literature search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting the studies, data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was performed at PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS, Scielo, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library, with the following terms risk factor , risk factors , maternal age , paternal age , parental age , oral cleft , cleft lip and cleft palate . Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were selected between 1953 and 2009. Only papers written in English language were included. The quality assessment showed that the methods of the included studies were not homogeneous and bias might have occurred. A significant statistical association was found between maternal age 40 years and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) (OR=1.56 (95% IC: 1.38-1.76), and maternal age in the age groups 35-39 years (OR=1.20 (95% IC: 1.09-1.32) and 40 years (OR=1.28 (95% IC: 1.05-1.55) with isolated cleft palate (CP). A gradient between maternal age and CP was also observed. There was no evidence of association of early maternal age (< 20 years), early paternal age (< 20 years) and advanced paternal age ( 40 years) with oral clefts. In conclusion, older women were more likely to have children with CL and CL/P.