Análise espacial das estimativas de temperatura da superfície e do ar por meio de imagens landsat-8 para o município de Humaitá, Amazonas

Abstract

The municipality of Humaitá has faced significant impacts due to persistent changes in land use and land cover, altering its natural landscape causing continuous deterioration of the environment and the local microclimate. These changes can cause changes in the thermal comfort of the region, affecting the well-being of the population and the local ecology, resulting in the reduction of green areas and causing thermal discomfort. Thus, it is crucial to carry out in-depth studies to understand and mitigate these impacts, ensuring sustainability and quality of life in Humaitá. Therefore, this work has the main objective of evaluating surface and air temperature estimates through Landsat-8 images to assess thermal discomfort in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas. Surface temperature records for urban and rural regions were estimated through the Landsat-8 mission, and were acquired using the Google Earth Engine platform during the period from January 2000 to June 2023, totaling 41 images. Hourly air temperature and dew point temperature data were estimated by the ERA5-Land reanalysis product with a spatial resolution of 9 km, available on the Climate Copernicus website for the same period as the images made available by Landsat-8, and evaluated according to the values obtained in the analyses. The Landsat-8 temperature estimates showed consistency with the ERA5-Land model, especially in urban areas. ERA5-Land showed greater variability in vegetated areas. This suggests that, even with this variability, some estimates remain within the 95% confidence interval, indicating the usefulness of the estimates in certain areas. Landsat-8 is reliable for climate monitoring, but new variables can improve accuracy.