Caracterização geo-tecnológica de maciços graníticos da região nordeste do Estado do Amazonas com aplicação às rochas ornamentais

Abstract

The municipalities of Barcelos and Presidente Figueiredo (State of Amazonas) are located in areas where occur granite massifs that have quality, beauty and technological characteristics favourable to be explored as ornamental stones. The Vermelho Moura granite (Moura Barcelos area), belonging to the Gavião granite (Jauaperi Complex), is a reddish grey, medium to coarse grained syenogranite. The Castanhal Clássico, Terra Preta Nobre and Rosa Esperança granites, belonging to the Água Branca intrusive suite (Presidente Figueiredo area), show the following faciological types : alkali quartz granite, syenogranite and alkali granite, differentiated by color, textural and compositional aspects. The Abonari Real granite (also occurs in Presidente Figueiredo area) although it belongs to the Mapuera intrusive suite, it is a reddish gray, medium to coarse grained alkali granite. The technological tests characterize the massifs according to the following standards: a) Castanhal Clássico - porosity = 0.29%, density (dry/saturated) = 2.71 - 2.72 g/cm³, absorption = 0.10%, resistance to compression = 209.9 Mpa, abrasive wear = 0.68 mm b) Vermelho Moura - porosity = 0.68%, density (dry/saturated) = 2.65 - 2.66 g/cm³, absorption = 0.25%, resistance to compression = 120.5 Mpa, resistance to flexure = 10.5, abrasive wear = 0.5 mm, ultrasonic waves speed = 5474 m/s, c) Abonari Real - porosity = 0.46%, density (dry/saturated)= 2.64 - 2.65 g/cm³, absorption = 0.18%, resistance to compression = 164.9 Mpa, resistance to flexure = 15.8, abrasive wear = 0.65 mm, ultrasonic waves speed = 6123 m/s, d) Terra Preta Nobre - porosity = 0.35%, density (dry/saturated) = 2.67 - 2.68 g/cm³, absorption = 0.13%, resistance to compression = 151.6 Mpa, resistance to flexure = 22.3, abrasive wear = 0.46 mm and ultrasonic waves speed = 6594 m/s, e) Rosa Esperança - porosity = 0.87%, density (dry/saturated) = 2.62 - 2.63 g/cm³, absorption = 0.35%, resistance to compression = 253.8 Mpa, abrasive wear = 0.33 mm. The indices of the physical tests showed that the Terra Preta Nobre and Castanhal Clássico granites are the most resilient in light of their high densities. The resistance to compression highlighted the Castanhal Clássico and Rosa Esperança granites. The resistance to flexure tests, although peformed only on 3 lithotypes, emphasized the Terra Preta Nobre granite. The abrasive wearing test raised the Rosa Esperança granite as the best due to its high content of quartz. The Vermelho Moura granite, according to its values, exhibited lesser physical-mechanical competence to the tests in relation to the other litotypes, but especially within the range boundaries of the rules. The speeds of ultrasonic waves confirm the tests results. The parameters shown by all granites are in line with the parameters set by the technological standards of ABNT - Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, which enable us to qualify them as holders of good quality for ornamental stones.