Avaliação de genes relacionados ao desempenho esportivo em atletas do estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Some studies show that the alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE 1) polymorphisms are strong indicators of candidates for high power and performance in sports. However, in the north region, specifically on the Amazon state, this studies are very rare. Acoording to that, this study presents an evaluation of th polymorphism R577X of the gene ACTN3 and the polymosphism I/D of the gene ECA I in the sports performance of athletes in the Amazon state. For that, blood samples were extracted form 127 athletes of both sexes and divided in two groups: G1 for primaly aerobic sports and G2 for primaly anaerobic sports. The DNA extraction was made by the Kit QIAamp® QIAGEN. While the quantification of the extracted DNA was done by the Nanodrop® ND-1000 Thermo Scientific machine. Postpone, a second quantification was realized with agarose gel at 0,8% flushed with ethidium bromide. The identification of the polymorphisms was done by the PCR-RFLP (ACTN3) technique with the restriction enzyme Ddel and PCR (ACE I). After all the procedures, the gene amplification occurred in 96 samples of 127 that were collected. The results did not show any significantly difference of p<0,05 in the aerobic group (RR = 31%, RX = 31% e XX = 38%). However, the G2 group had a significant difference of p<0,05 to the RR group compared to the others (RR = 10%, RX = 53% e XX = 37%). Besides that, it was verified that both the G1 and G2 groups had a high presence of the alpha-actin 3 gene, and less homozygous mutations. The genotype incidence of the gene ECA I did not show any difference between the genotypes of G1 (II = 35%, ID = 61% e DD = 44%) and G2 (II = 47%, ID = 47% e DD = 6%). After the grouping of the genotypes (RR+RX+DD ou XX+ID+II), it was identified that from the 37 subjects that obtained one of both combinations and 3 subjects ( 8%), showed a variation RR+RX+DD which is considered the best for power/strength sports, while 34 subjects (92%) of the subjects presented a variation XX+II+ID classified as the most indicated for endurance sports. For that so, it can be concluded that the incidence of the polymorphism R577X of the ACTN3 gene, was found to be very different from other experiments. However, the genotype of the gene ECA I was very similar to some studies realized in the asian country, despite being different from other studies done in the south and southeast regions of Brazil, as in Europe.