Efeito a curto prazo de exercícios físicos para redução da dor lombar crônica em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática: uma série de casos

Abstract

Background: Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine characterized by lateral curvature associated with vertebral rotation. This condition can lead to chronic low back pain, functional impairments, and significant psychosocial impacts. Physical therapy, particularly through therapeutic exercises, represents a conservative strategy for managing pain and improving function in these individuals. Aim: To evaluate the short-term effects of a physical therapy treatment program based on exercises for reducing pain in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: This case series describes participants with idiopathic scoliosis who reported chronic low back pain. Patients were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), STarT Back Screening Tool, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and WHOQOL-BREF. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention. The treatment program consisted of 45 to 50-minute sessions, twice a week, over four weeks (eight sessions in total), including exercises focused on strengthening the deep spinal muscles and postural re-education. Results: The study included three participants, all of whom showed clinical improvement in at least four out of the five outcomes analyzed, including pain, functional disability, kinesiophobia, and risk of chronicity. One participant experienced increased pain, and another showed a decrease in quality of life. Conclusion: The exercise-based program was effective in reducing pain and improving short-term function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. However, the importance of integrated approaches and conducting studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up is highlighted.