Absorção de metais pesados de solos contaminados do aterro sanitário e Pólo Industrial de Manaus pelas espécies de plantas Senna multijuga, Schizolobium amazonicum e Caesalpinia echinata.

Abstract

Heavy metals accumulate up frequently in the top layer of soil on the roots accessible principles of the plants. In advanced stages of infection may reach decimate the biota or even present concentrations thousands of times higher than in the aquatic system. This is due to changes in its chemical forms allowing the build up in living organisms. This study evaluated is the behavior of the species Senna multijuga, Caesalpinia echinata and Shizolobium amazonicum in soils contaminated by heavy metals from landfill (ASC) and Manaus Industrial Pole (PIM). The study was conducted in a greenhouse for five months. In soil, were analyzed the chemical and physical attributes and concentration of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry, (FAAS) in the air-acetylene flame in fractions exchangeable, carbonate, iron/manganese oxide and organic matter. The plant, the parties were separated and air root, dried at 65 °C, digested with HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1) at 200 °C for two hours and the concentrations of heavy metals determined by FAAS. The results showed that the metals have different distributions in contaminated soil, being influenced by factors such as pH, CEC, amount of organic matter, complexation, competition ion and chemical interactions that contributed to their mobility and/or adsorption. The hierarchical analysis (HCA) and major components (PCA) revealed a similarity between the soils and with strong relationships between Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, in the soil of the ASC and Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil the PIM. The hierarchical analysis (HCA) and major components (PCA) revealed a similarity between the soils and with strong relationships between Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, in the soil of the ASC and Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil the PIM. The species multijuga Senna was the best that it was developed in contaminated soil. The Caesalpinia echinata has potential accumulator to the elements Mn and Zn. The three species can be classified as fitoextratora and hiperacumuladora for Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn and Pb, regardless of the soil analyzed.