Percepção e cultura através da sombra no povoado de aqui (Moçambique) e na cidade de Macapá (Brasil)

Abstract

Different societies always tried to read and interpret the apparent solar movement and mobility of the shadows, to organize structures of daily life. Among the various functions of the shadows, it is worth noting the utilization for the thermal comfort, use to improve the quality of the meat in the animal production. In agriculture are used in the production of cultivars of low photojournalism. In architecture, medicine, philosophy, geography, mathematics, physics, drawing, art, among other areas of scholastic knowledge, they occupy the prominent place, constituting subjects in the syllabus contents of school teaching. Knowledge about the spherical shape of the earth has had its presuppositions in the perception of shadows, and, still today, many people, as is the case of the inhabitants of the town of Here and of the city of Macapá, use these phenomena for orientation in the construction of houses for thermal comfort, tracing of paths and azimuths in the hiking trails, determination of distances from shading numbering along the route, production of annual calendars based on natural cycles based on shadows, among others. The thesis analyzed how the inhabitants of the city of Macapá in Brazil and of the settlement of Here in Mozambique, perceive and use their experiences of life to take advantage of the shadows. Looking for similarities and differences, which reflect socioenvironmental particularities of the places chosen for study. The striking moment of the shadows' trajectory corresponds to the instant when objects and things shadow the projected shadows, in the phase called the equinox, occurring in the city of Macapá twice a year (March and September) and at the December solstice in the town of Macapá. Here, occurring once a year. The research methodology was based on the bibliographical review and field work, in a theoretical approach conjugated between the ecological paradigm of anthropological thought of Ingold. In Macapá, the protagonists were made during the equinoxes involving the inhabitants participating in the ritual of passing of the sun by the obelisk of the monument Marco Zero and tourists. In Here, prioritized meetings in the headquarters of the town, with the madoda. The results of the study show that, of the 465,495 inhabitants of Macapá, more than half live in urban areas, traveling on foot, motorcycle, bicycle, in high temperature environments. The temperature values are aggravated by the location of the city on the line of the Ecuador, with intense verticalization of residences, in a place suffocated by the humidity of the Amazon river, mainly in the equinox of the waters. For the inhabitants of Macapá, the identity of the city is impregnated in its location on the imaginary line of Ecuador that names streets, public and private institutions, organizing various daily activities according to the influence of the factors of the geographical situation on the line. The socio-environmental organization in the city obeys the water and drought equinoxes. The perception about shadows of the residents of Here is steeped in concepts about flowering, foliage abscision, position astronomy, solar clock, photo journalism and establishment of seasons from their life experiences allowing to draw calendar based on natural cycles for varied activities.