A pichação como fenômeno socioambiental na cidade de Manaus

Abstract

The pichação is a phenomenon that occurs among the young in the big cities and urban centres. This current research studied this practice from a socialenvironmental slant after the meanings and motivations of the pichador. The main theoretical basis of this report is the social environmental psychology of Ernest Fischer, the affordances theory of James Gibson and the analysis from the filling of the spaces with signs of Jean Baudrillard. We also conceive that the practicing of the pichação are young people and through the sociohistoric theory, we don‟t understand their youth as a phase, but as an active practive in the society. This study had as general objective to investigate the socialenvironmental aspects that are present in the practice of the urban space pichação and as specific objectives characterize the different ways of pichação, that occurs in several places of the city; to analyze the manners of choosing the spaces and the forms of appropriation through the pichação; to verify the motivations and meanings given by the young who practice the pichação. For this achievement, the research used the multimethod approach in order to conceive the pichação of a wider manner using the photographical cataloguing, semi-structured individual interviews and record on field journal. It was studied more than 2.000 photographies with pichações according the types of messages and places of pichação. It was achieved as result that most of the pichações (97%) brings communicative or non-reflexive messages and they had as most common places: stores, industries and business districts (33,9%) houses and private property (28,8%) and public use spaces (15%). In the interviews it became clear that the young pichadores analyze their practice as a form of vandalism, need of recognition, collective involvement into the scene, social literature, protest, and illegal practice. Besides, they see on the figure of the pichador somebody who feels misunderstood, marginalized, different, and conscious of one‟s actions and limits. It was also discovered the main motivations that lead the pichadores to act are the quest for liberty, influence of the groups, a way of being productive, need of contestation, protest, transformation, adrenaline, prohibition, interaction with the scene of pichadores, desire, among others. Finally, we realized that the pichação is about a very complex socialenvironmental relation where the pichadores act dialectically modifying the space of the city at the same time they transform themselves through the contact with that.The pichação is a phenomenon that occurs among the young in the big cities and urban centres. This current research studied this practice from a socialenvironmental slant after the meanings and motivations of the pichador. The main theoretical basis of this report is the social environmental psychology of Ernest Fischer, the affordances theory of James Gibson and the analysis from the filling of the spaces with signs of Jean Baudrillard. We also conceive that the practicing of the pichação are young people and through the sociohistoric theory, we don‟t understand their youth as a phase, but as an active practive in the society. This study had as general objective to investigate the socialenvironmental aspects that are present in the practice of the urban space pichação and as specific objectives characterize the different ways of pichação, that occurs in several places of the city; to analyze the manners of choosing the spaces and the forms of appropriation through the pichação; to verify the motivations and meanings given by the young who practice the pichação. For this achievement, the research used the multimethod approach in order to conceive the pichação of a wider manner using the photographical cataloguing, semi-structured individual interviews and record on field journal. It was studied more than 2.000 photographies with pichações according the types of messages and places of pichação. It was achieved as result that most of the pichações (97%) brings communicative or non-reflexive messages and they had as most common places: stores, industries and business districts (33,9%) houses and private property (28,8%) and public use spaces (15%). In the interviews it became clear that the young pichadores analyze their practice as a form of vandalism, need of recognition, collective involvement into the scene, social literature, protest, and illegal practice. Besides, they see on the figure of the pichador somebody who feels misunderstood, marginalized, different, and conscious of one‟s actions and limits. It was also discovered the main motivations that lead the pichadores to act are the quest for liberty, influence of the groups, a way of being productive, need of contestation, protest, transformation, adrenaline, prohibition, interaction with the scene of pichadores, desire, among others. Finally, we realized that the pichação is about a very complex socialenvironmental relation where the pichadores act dialectically modifying the space of the city at the same time they transform themselves through the contact with that.