Transformação na fisionomia da paisagem após a construção da barragem de jirau: estudo de caso do antigo Distrito de Mutum Paraná/RO

Abstract

In the Amazon, the implantation of hydroelectric plants started about thirty years ago and covers, among other challenges, the compatibility of hydroelectricity production with the process of recreation and transformation of the landscape, since the construction of dams, consisting of an intervention project change the elements of the landscape around the dams. To contribute to this debate, this research presents the changes in the physiology of the landscape of the former urban core of the Mutum Paraná District, municipality of Porto Velho (RO), which is under the direct influence of the Jirau HPP, built on Padre Island. As methodology, we used Libault's (1971) proposal, structured in four levels (compilatory, correlational, semantic, normative) and integrated with Ab'Saber's (1969) third level of analysis, the landscape physiology. Given these assumptions, the study pointed out that the construction of the plant reveals the considerable transformation in the physiology of the landscape as a result of external interests for resources that diverge from the traditional and indigenous communities. The time frame of the study was the years 2009, 2013 and 2019, using satellite images, i.e., before, during and after the construction of the reservoir. From the analysis of satellite images and fieldwork, the results show several transformations in the landscape physiology of the former Mutum-Paraná nucleus. The landscape unit, in the years 2009, 2013 and 2019, was classified as a sunken fluvial terrace, fluvial terrace generated by current planing, resulting from anthropic action, and water pocket, respectively. The physiologies, for each year analyzed, are characterized as urbanized and rural pleasurable landscape, on fluvial terraces, varying between 90 and 100 meters, degradation landscape with flattened surface, on river terraces, and water body formed in pit, with dendritic pattern. As for the area flooded by the reservoir, in the low and medium course of the Mutum-Paraná river basin, it was much larger than estimated. The suppression and fragmentation of biodiversity, the transformation of the river dynamics of the Mutum- Paraná river and its tributaries, the suppression of vegetation, the water pocket, the relocation of the local population, the disappearance of the village of Mutum-Paraná, the loss of heritage historical and cultural, excerpts from EFMM, and the change in landscape physiology are marks left by the Jirau enterprise.