Frequência da síndrome do desconforto respiratório neonatal em uma unidade de terapia intensiva em Manaus, Amazonas

Abstract

Introduction: The high rate of neonatal mortality is a worldwide public health problem, with prematurity and Neonatal Respiratory Discomfort Syndrome (SDRN) as the main causes. Amazonas is the second Brazilian state with the highest number of neonatal deaths. Due to the scarcity of information about newborns (NBs) in the northern region of Brazil, the guiding question of the study was what is the frequency of SDRN in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Manaus, in the state of Amazonas? Objective: To establish the frequency of SDRN in a highly complex NICU in Manaus / Amazonas. Method: This was an unprecedented retrospective cohort in Amazonas, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 82751217.3.0000.5613, protocol: 2.556.757), carried out through the documentary analysis of the medical records of the newborns of the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. Simple and relative absolute frequencies and categorical data were presented using tables. For the analysis of quantitative data, when the hypothesis of normality was accepted through the Shapiro-Wilk test, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. When the hypothesis of normality of the data was rejected, the median and quartiles Q1 (25%) and Q3 (75%) were calculated. The software used in the analyzes was the Epiinfo version 7.2 program. Results: 542 newborns were investigated, of which 65% had a diagnosis of RDS, characterizing it as the most frequent diagnosis among those investigated. Most of the newborns with RDS were premature, male, had low birth weight and Apgar between 8 to 10 in the 1st and 5th minutes of extrauterine life. The newborns' mothers were mostly young and had less than 6 prenatal consultations. The frequency of death of newborns with RDS was around 18%. Conclusion: The frequency of SDRN in the highly complex NICU of Manaus, capital of Amazonas, investigated, was high, this being the main diagnosis of newborns.