Agentes de infecções hospitalares em unidades de terapia intensiva no município de Manaus

Abstract

Hospital Infection (HI) represents a severe public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, increasing morbimortality of hospitalized patients, mainly the ones in the Intensive Treatment Units (ITU). This project aims to analyze HI bacteria agents in clinical samples of patients and handswashing of health workers of four ITU in Manaus. Handswashing was performed in soy trypticasein broth and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. It was grown in medium for isolation and bacteria identification. The clinical samples were grown and identified in the same conditions as that of the handswashing. Out of the 294 handswashing samples, 244 bacteria were isolated, the most frequent were Enterococcus fecalis (32,79%), Staphylococcus aureus (24,18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7,79%), Burkolderia cepacia (5,33%), Enterobacter cloacae (4,51%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4,51%), and others (12,70%). Out of the 94 patients secretion samples collected, the most frequent were Staphylococcus aureus (39,36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18,08%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4,25%), Enterobacter cloacae 93,19%), Enterococcus fecalis (4,25%), Serratia marcescens (9,57%) and others (11,72%). The most frequent pathogens isolated from the clinical and handswashing samples were analyzed for resistance through disc diffusion method. Also, it was performed a study of the health workers habits that could mean a risk factor for HI. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the clinical samples presented a low rate of resistance to the antibiotics tested. The other microorganisms isolated from the clinical and handswashing samples showed a high rate of resistance to the several groups of antibiotics that are usually used for their treatment. This study analyzed the frequency of pathogens isolated from clinical and handswashing samples and the presence of pathogens that are multi-resistant to the several groups of antibiotics tested, showing the need of implementing strategies that raise awareness of training for HI knowledge and control.