Aptidão física, atividade física e as alterações posturais em crianças

Abstract

Introduction. The high incidence of postural changes among children and adolescents can cause serious and irreversible damage to the spine of children and adolescents. Objectives. To identify the prevalence of postural deviations in children and adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age and to analyze whether there is an association between postural deviations related to physical fitness, physical activity and puberty in children and adolescents. Methodology. The sample consisted of 380 children, 54% (n = 204) female and 46% (n = 176) males between 10 and 18 years of age. The instruments used were the Fitnessgram test battery; The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ/short version), the Tanner self-assessment record and the postural changes: scoliosis, thoracic hyperkyphosis and lumbar hyperlordosis were analyzed using the Digital Image-Based Postural Assessment (DIPA / 3.1). We used Chi-Square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney test and binary logistic regression (Ods Ratio) for statistical analysis. The data were processed through the SPSS 24.0 statistics program and a significance level of 0.05 and a 95% confidence coefficient were set. Results. Scoliosis presented a higher percentage among the students analyzed (43%). Age and sex influence the development of lumbar hyperlordosis among girls and thoracic hyperkyphosis among boys (p <0.05). There was a significant association between lumbar hyperlordosis and aerobic fitness (p <0.05), with a three-fold possibility of developing in boys with good cardiorespiratory capacity (OR=3.268). The possibility that health female student of scoliosis decreases by approximately 43%. There was an association between boys with thoracic hyperkyphosis and waist circumference (WC) p <0.05). The chance of a boy presenting lumbar hyperlordosis in the P2 phase is about 4 times higher than in the other phases. Conclusion. This research presented significant results related to risk factors. Among them, we highlight: age, gender, dorsal strength, waist circumference and puberty. We observed that we should increase muscular fitness, especially dorsal strength in the early stages of puberty during school physical education classes.