Craqueamento catalítico dos óleos de inajá e maracujá para a obtenção de biocombustíveis

Abstract

The process of cracking or pyrolysis of oils and fats, occurs at high temperatures, the presence or absence of catalyst. In this reaction, the breaking of the molecules of triglycerides leads to the formation of a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenates, linear or cyclic, such as alkanes, alkenes, ketones, carboxylic acids and aldehydes, and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. Despite the simplicity of using only high temperatures to carry out the cracking, the biggest drawback is the availability of oxygenates in the final product, which makes it slightly acidic. This study aimed to conduct a study of the catalytic cracking of oils inajá and passion, using phosphoric acid as catalysts supported on alumina and mesoporous material (SBA-15), in proportions of 15% and 30%. Inajá oils and passion were obtained by mechanical extraction, characterized chemical and physico-chemically, the results proved favorable for the use of feedstock in the production of biofuels. The catalysts were characterized according to the analysis adsorption / desorption of nitrogen (BET method), X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, adsorption of pyridine and infrared detection. The products obtained in catalytic cracking reactions were characterized according to ASTM standards for acid value (D664), carbon residue (D4530), density at 20 ° C (4052), viscosity at 40 ° C (D445). The chemical characterization was made by infrared. From our analysis of the products obtained in reactions of cracking was also observed that the cracked oil using H3PO4/Al2O3 passion was the catalyst that presented the lowest acidity.