Estudo da influência da estrutura e morfologia de eletrodos de diamante dopados com boro na detecção de metais

Abstract

Contamination by potentially toxic metals in aquatic bodies and fuel ethanol has caused significant detrimental changes in the physical, chemical and biological behavior of the recipient bodies, and consequently of the environment. The detection of these metals is generally accomplished by means of spectroscopic techniques which require the use of expensive materials for the industry. Currently, searching for a more cost-effective alternative and having adequate selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility in the detection of these contaminants, it is necessary that reliable methodologies in the determination of these metallic ions are imposed. This work had the objective of analyzing the redemulsion voltammetries as important techniques in trace metal analysis taking into account the structure of the electrodes used. There are no papers in the literature that perform a correlation on the different forms of microstructures and morphologies of Boron Doped Diamond (DDB) electrodes in the determination of Cu2 + and Fe2 + ions in aqueous and ethanolic environments, using the Anodic Redissolution Voltammetry Technique coupled to Square Wave Voltametry (VRA/VOQ). It was selected as electrolyte support in aqueous medium the 1M KCl and for ethanolic medium 0.04M H2SO4 for Cu and 0.04M HCl for Fe. For the study of the structure and morphology of the electrodes were used the optimized parameters of two works developed in the Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry Research (LPQI) in relation to the determination of copper and iron in aqueous media (FERREIRA, 2013) and fuel ethanol (PEREIRA, 2015). In this work, the influence of the microstructure and morphology of the DDB electrodes was discussed in more depth, highlighting the importance of these structures for the detection of the metals and their application in real samples. The methodology was submitted to validation, where the figures of the merit were validated: selectivity, linearity, precision (interdia test), accuracy (percentage of recovery) and limits of detection and quantification. The results indicated that the nanocrystalline sample (DNDB) presented the best response for detections in both aqueous and ethanolic environments, presenting the best limits of detection and quantification (LD ranging from 2,44x10-4 to 3,69x10-4; LQ ranging from 3,26x10-4 to 3,84x10-4) due to its morphology and structure when compared to the other electrodes. In addition to presenting a larger window of potential and the voltammogram of the process of reversibility better defined.