Avaliação da biocompatibilidade de pastas endodônticas à base de extrato glicólico de Musa paradisiaca

Abstract

Introduction: Root canal treatment of permanent and deciduous teeth requires an alternative to improve clinical performance against refractory infection. Ethnobotanical studies have described the use of Musa paradisiaca (banana) in traditional communities. Natural biomolecules of banana glycolic extract (BGE) show antimicrobial properties, flavonoids, and triterpenes with immunomodulatory potential, as presented in our previous researches. New endodontic pastes comprised of BGE associated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and/or zinc oxide (ZnO) and its components alone were evaluated by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro assay using cultured gingival fibroblasts. The null hypothesis was that the endodontic pastes would not be cytotoxic or genotoxic in vitro. Methods: Seven experimental groups were tested: BGE; ZnO; Ca(OH)2; BGE+ZnO; BGE+Ca(OH)2; BGE+ZnO+Ca(OH)2; and positive control (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium). Each group conditioned the culture medium for 24 h. Cytotoxicity (n=3) was assessed by tetrazolium assay diluting the conditioned media at 50%, 10% and 5% and then disposing over the cells. The absorbance (540nm) was determined after 24h. Fluorescence detection on a spectrophotometer was used for resazurin (AlamarBlue™) assay (n=8) at 10% media dilution. For genotoxicity (n=3), micronuclei were counted using fluorescence microscopy with a mounting medium of 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI-Vectashield®). Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Tukey’s test and ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: All endodontic pastes presented satisfactory cell viability rates (p≤0.0001). MTT: cell viability proportionally increased with experimental groups dilution. Resazurin: Ca(OH)2 showed statistically similar rates to those of the control group. The ZnO, BGE+ZnO, BGE+Ca(OH)2, and BGE+ZnO+Ca(OH)2 groups showed statistically similar results. The BGE group showed 68% of cell viability. None of the groups presented genotoxicity. Conclusions: BGE and BGE-based endodontic pastes showed biocompatibility in vitro.