Tecnologia educativa para paciente no pré-operatório imediato de cirurgias eletivas

Abstract

This study aims to build and validate an educational technology to guide patients in the immediate preoperative period of elective surgeries. This is a methodological study for the construction and validation of content and appearance of an educational technology, in booklet format, to guide patients in the immediate preoperative period of elective surgeries. In this study, we opted for the quantitative of 13 judges, of which ten were specialists in the field of health, two of which were anesthesiologists and eight nurses. And three expert judges outside the health area: being a professor of letters, a pedagogue and a graphic designer. As for the target audience, this corresponded to 20 patients hospitalized in the preoperative period of elective surgery, selected at random. For the development of this study, three phases were chosen: First phase - The preparation of the booklet took place after an integrative literature review, seeking pertinent and substantiated information for guidance to patients in the preoperative period in databases such as BVS, Scielo and PubMed. Second phase: The booklet (first version) was delivered to expert judges for validation of its content, appearance, structure, objective, relevance and they pointed out the changes they deemed necessary, later, the data were statistically analyzed; the recommendations that suggested changes were all analyzed and accepted as pertinent. As the statistical data showed a level of agreement between the answers of the judges of 93.35%, inferring that the instrument was relevant, the booklet was readjusted, without the need to undergo a new evaluation by the experts. Third stage: After validation by expert judges, the booklet was evaluated by the target audience. They were verbally invited to the inpatient unit, where an assessment instrument was personally delivered with closed-ended questions regarding the purpose, organization, writing style, appearance, motivation, and pointed out the changes they deemed necessary. After collecting and quantifying the data, a percentage of agreement above 99.8% was obtained. A technology was built that provides guidance, prevents complications and promotes autonomy and confidence to the patient. In addition to contributing to the scientific environment with the construction and validation of an educational technology and acting as support in the educational actions of the interdisciplinary team with a valid and reliable educational booklet, in order to provide greater reliability in the health education process.