Potencial ambiental e econômico de sistema agroflorestal – SAF na comunidade Novo Paraiso do Rio Carú - Itacoatiara/AM

Abstract

The agroforestry system - SAF aims at agricultural exploration, in which agricultural crops and/or pastures are used that include tree species. These play a crucial and essential role in the composition of these rural exploitation systems, showing a bias towards sustainable agriculture, as it is based on family farming with a reduced area, depending on the model adopted by the farmer, enabling greater economic yield to be obtained. and greater sustainability. The present work aimed to analyze the potential use and quality of the soil of the agroforestry system - SAF as an environmental and economic alternative on a rural property in the Social Novo Paraíso do Rio Caru community - Itacoatiara/AM., For data collection, An agroforestry system was installed with total dimensions of 200 meters long, by 40 meters wide, equivalent to 0.8ha of the property, which was divided into 0.4ha for the experimental planting area and 0.40 for the control area. The species planted were: pacovã banana (Musa paradisiaca), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense), murupi pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) and gherkin (Cucumis anguria). To analyze the increase in soil quality, samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses: grain size, density, porosity, aggregate stability, soil resistance to sieving, pH, acidity and organic carbon quantity. Statistical analysis was univariate descriptive, adopting the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test and multivariate statistics were processed in the Statistica 7.0 software. To assess economic viability, Microsoft Excel - AMAZONSAF software, version 10.05, was used, with calculations of economic indicators for a time horizon of 1 year. The planted species bore fruit and yielded results for economic viability, resulting in a total cost of R$ 3.345,86 for the implementation of the system, with R$ 2.945,86 for implementation and R$ 400,00.00 for project maintenance, the revenue from sales out of R$9.494,00. After the first year of implementation of the agroforestry system, it was not possible to evidence significant changes in relation to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil, analyzed in this study, but time was able to reveal that a degraded area can become a productive area. The greatest changes in the physical attributes of the soil occur in the most superficial layer of the two areas studied (0.00-0.15cm), in the SAF area an improvement in soil aggregation was observed, affecting its density and pore structure.