Segregação e diferenciação na metrópole: As pontes que unem e separam no contexto das ocupações em margens dos igarapés de Manaus

Abstract

The bridges that separate represent the verification of the reality of Manaus city, linked to urbanism near streams. The bridges in this case serve to unify small river banks, which separate two urban morphologies, because on one side it can have a previous planned urbanism, with the rationality of urban design, and on the other side it can show a morphological irregularity, the not preceded urban design of urbanistic rationality previously established. The concepts of segregation and differentiation are used, aiming to understand the process of social reproduction in the districts Japiim, Distrito Industrial I and Parque Dez de Novembro, segregated by the streams and articulated by bridges, which if on one side unite the river banks, it can also separate the morphologies and social segments that live on opposite sides of river banks. The main objective was to understand the process of socio-spatial differentiation in Manaus city, in areas near streams from its urban expression and the meaning of the bridges that unite and differentiate them, as well as identify the segregation and differentiation process. The attempt to identify the process of internal socio-spatial differentiation was made in Japiim and Parque Dez districts, because these districts present different urban morphologies for being cut by streams. The methodology was made from a literature review about segregation and differentiation processes in intraurban space with empirical basis and consists in urban structural analysis with qualitative approach. Individual interviews were conducted, also in groups with open questions with an average of 28 participants, documentary surveys and in newspapers about the process of occupation and formation of the analyzed districts, as well as satellite and icnographic images, which allowed the understanding of differentiated urban form on both river banks’s streams. The present work, therefore, was the path of a research developed in the referred districts of the city of Manaus-AM, about the occupation process, aiming to understand their socio-spatial formation and later internal differentiation in streams areas, to thereby identify the bridges as objects that unite and differentiate these areas, seeking to understand the production of heterogeneous urban morphologies, even if it is close to the topographic point of view.