Análise dos verbos irregulares Perder e Valer, na 1a pessoa do singular, do presente do indicativo e do subjuntivo, sob a perspectiva da sociolinguística variacionista, na escrita dos moradores da zona urbana do município de Coari (Amazonas)

Abstract

This research is a variationist study of morphological nature and has as purpose to analyze the irregular verbs perder and valer, in the 1st person singular, of the present tense and subjunctive, according of Variationist Sociolinguistics, in the writing of residents of the urban area of the city of Coari (Amazonas). The specific purposes are: i) Know the possible variants that constitute the 1st person singular, the present tense and the subjunctive, of the irregular verbs perder and valer, belonging to the 2nd conjugation; ii) Describe which groups of extralinguistic factors influence the use of one or another variant of the investigated variables; iii) Discuss if the variation in the use of irregular verbs perder and valer, in the 1st person singular, oh the present tense and the subjunctive in the writing of residents of Coari (AM) constitutes a stable variable or is it in the process of change through observation of apparent time (age group). The theoretical contribution that supported this study was the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). The corpus was formed by written data obtained through field research that used the questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. The sample consisted of 24 informants stratified according to age group (18 to 35 years, 35 to 56 years and 56 years on), schooling (high school and graduates/specialists) and sex (male and female). The extralinguistic independent variables were controlled: schooling, sex and age group in order to understand the performance of P1IdPr and P1SbPr, the irregular verbs perder and valer. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Goldvarb X statistical program (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). The general results found, for the binary variables, the variants of the irregular verbs perder and valer, in P1IdPr and P1SbPr, respectively, a total of 309 data. The percentage results were: for the verb perder, in P1IdPr, the variant perco, equivalent to 87.9% and 12.1% for the variant perdo; for the verb perder, in P1SbPr, 88.9% was obtained for the variant perca and 11.1% for the variant perda; for the verb valer, in P1IdPr, 52.6% were obtained for the variant valho and 47.4% for the variant valo; for the verb valer, in P1SbPr, 44.2% was obtained for the variant valha and 55.8% for the variant vala. In general, the results point to the conditioning use of the groups of extralinguistic factors between the variant forms considered ‘standard’ and ‘non-standard’. Thus, given the results, this research is expected to contribute to the advancement of sociolinguistic studies in the country and especially in the northern region of the state of Amazonas.

Keywords: Sociolinguistics; morphological variation; verbs perder and valer; writing.