Calouros do curso de enfermagem: quem são e porque querem ser enfermeiros

Abstract

Introduction: Knowing the newcomers of a course is a starting point to design interventions that anticipate decision-making, minimizing obstacles and contributing to the success of training future professionals. The dropout in the nursing course in the 2010s in a public Higher Education Institution in Amazonas was an object of institutional concern and triggered a set of procedures to better understand the problem with a view to intervention to mitigate it. From this scenario, we sought to better understand the profile of students who enter the Nursing course, as well as to understand what knowledge these students have about Nursing and what their expectations are regarding the course and the profession through a study designed to take place for five years (2018 to 2022) in order to provide subsidies to better guide these incoming students and provide the Institution with better performance in academic training. Objectives: To characterize the profile of students enrolled in the Nursing career in a public HEI in Amazonas. To analyze the reasons that led the incoming student to choose the Nursing career. Identify the knowledge of academics about the profession. Increase expectations in relation to the Nursing career. Method: Case study, descriptive and exploratory of qualitative nature, using as a technique of data collection the application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The subjects of the research were students entering the Nursing course at a public university in Amazonas. The characterization of the sample was carried out through the analysis of quantitative data through the IBM SPSS 21 software and analysis of qualitative data was used by Bardin's content analysis. Results: The characterization of the students indicated that: there is a predominance of females, the average age of the participants is 19 years old, most are single and born in Amazonas, most declare themselves brown, live in their own home in the Southern District and in their family, the family income is 1 to 3 minimum wages and most do not have paid work. Regarding career choice, most said they did not have Nursing as their first option, but intend to complete their career, most did not abandon another higher career. As for the reasons that led to the choice of a nursing career for professional training, five categories emerged as an answer: Interest in the area of Health; Desire to take care of people; Identification with the profession; family influence; Approach to the medical career. Regarding knowledge about the course and the profession, it was possible to observe five categories of answers: Nursing is the profession of caring; Profession related to the medical profession; Undervalued profession; Profession with a wide field of activity. Regarding the students' expectations about the course and the profession, two categories of answers emerged: Academic and professional development and Personal fulfillment. Conclusion: Regarding the sociodemographic profile, the study showed that the new entrants are mostly female, with a mean age of 19 years, single, originally from Amazonas, self-declared brown, living in their own home with their family. , with family. income of 1 to 2 minimum wages, most do not have a paid professional activity. When opting for Nursing, most students did not have Nursing as their first option, but most mentioned the intention to complete the course. The main reason that led the students to opt for Nursing was the interest in taking a course in the health area, tying to this the desire to take care of people. It was concluded that students have limited knowledge about the profession, corresponding to common sense, although they perceive Nursing as a profession that cares, they relate this care with technical actions and with little autonomy, especially in relation to the doctor. Students report good expectations regarding the course, expecting academic and professional development, as well as personal fulfillment of the training. It is concluded that the newcomers of the studied Institution do not differ from the nursing students of other Institutions, portrayed in other published studies.