A dupla marcação do sujeito pronominal pleno em sentenças declarativas na fala amazonense: “Ela é mestranda ela“

Abstract

This research has a variationist nature, of a syntactic nature, which has the general objective of investigating the double marking of the full pronominal subject in declarative sentences in the speech of Amazonians, in order to contribute to studies of variationist sociolinguistics, especially in Amazonas. The specific objectives are: i) to describe the variants of the variable “double marking of the full pronominal subject” in declarative sentences in the speech of Amazonians and ii) to show which extralinguistic and linguistic conditioners may or may not favor this double marking of the full pronominal subject to the right or left margin of declarative sentences in the speech of Amazonians. The main theoretical-methodological assumption used in this study is Variationist Sociolinguistics, which has William Labov (2008 [1972]) as one of its representatives. The corpus of this research consists of: i) speech database made available by Martins (2013), specifically from the municipality of Tonantins (AM), which is stratified according to 'sex/gender', 'age group' and 'education '; ii) a complementary sample from the unsystematic observation of speech and writing data collected by Sá (2019), as well as writing and speaking data collected during the development of this research. In order to understand how the variation in focus works, in this research, the following independent linguistic and extralinguistic variables were controlled in Martins' sample (2013): ‘intervening material between repeated pronominal subjects'; ‘position of the repeated pronominal subject in relation to the verb’; ‘forms of realization of the subject', ’type of verb’, ‘person of speech', ’negative adverb', 'Age group', 'Sex/Gender' and 'Education'. For the Complementary Sample, the same linguistic independent variables mentioned were controlled, but different extralinguistic variables. They are the following: 'Sample/Year', 'Modality', 'Social network', 'Education', 'Sex/Gender' and 'Age group'. After transcribing and coding the data obtained, the analysis using the GoldVarb X program (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE and SMITH, 2005) showed that in the Martins Sample (2013), there was more frequency of the form “no repetition” (96.1%) and least in the form “with repetition” (3.9%). With regard to repetition, it occurred more on the left (88.7% data) than on the right (11.3%). In the Complementary Sample, the variant “with repetition” (72%) was more frequent than “without repetition” (28%). In relation to this sample, repetition appears categorically to the right due to the purpose of data collection. Still, with regard to non-repetition data, they are mostly declarative sentences with postponed pronominal subjects. As for the groups of linguistic and extralinguistic factors, in the Sample Martins (2013), 'age group' and ‘type of verb (transitivity)' were relevant for the application of the rule, the variant “with repetition”, and in the Sample Complementary, in turn, were the variables 'sample' and ‘type of verb (transitivity)'. At the end of this research, it is expected to have contributed to the variationist sociolinguistic studies of the northern region, in the scope of syntax, thus understanding how the Amazonian speaks.