O uso de geotecnologias na análise temporal do processo de expansão urbana sobre a Bacia Hidrográfica do Puraquequara: Manaus - AM

Abstract

This work carried out a study in the hydrographic basin of the Puraquequara located in the eastern sector of the city of Manaus, aiming to understand the process of occupation of the basin. The methodological procedures involved the residentes of the communities and neighborhoods located in the basin, access to digital databases, geoprocessing and morphometric analysis of basins. For the generation of the maps, geotechnology tools were used, focusing on ArcGIS, Quantum GIS and Google Earth. The results showed that the part where the expansion process was most intensified in the right bank of basin that comprises the western sector. The occupation process takes place in the neihborhoods of Jorge Teixeira, Distrito Industria and Puraquequara, in addition to the several communitis scattered in the locality. The process of formation of this space has been occurring with greater intensity since the 1990 when the beneficiation works were carried out by the city hall, allowing easier access to the increase of the local population. The urban spot has suppressed a good portion of the native vegetation of the western sector, being this the most affected place of the basin and the one that presents the highest demographic na environmental degradation rates. In the study of deforested áreas a total of 3.547,6 m2 of native vegetation were removed, mainly destined for agricultural or industrial activities. The eastern secto presents more than 98% of preservation due to the presence of the army in the place and of being and area of permanent preservation APP. The Puraquequara basin has na extension of 19,451Km, has 84 rivers that form the basin, the relief altimetry varies from 1 to 145m. The hydrographic basin of the Puraquequara is a tributary of the Amazon river, presents a low drainage network. The drainage density of the basin presents the value of 0,78 that caracterizes the basin as of poor drainage, because in order to be considered as a well drained basin it would have to present a value equal to or greater than 3,5. The course of its rivers and considered low slope lentone, being a basin that presents little chance of suffering from the floods.