Estado nutricional, diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 e suas comorbidades em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de nutrição de um hospital universitário, Belém, Pará, 2012

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is a chronic degenerative disease, with metabolic feature, resulting from defects of insulin secretion and/or its action. Its incidence and prevalence have grown in the current world, setting a serious problem of public health. The diabetes’ chronic hyperglycemia is associated to various comorbidities related to chronic injuries, dysfunction and various organs failure. The study had the objective of diagnosing the nutritional condition about anthropometric, biochemical and dietary indicators, and correlate with some comorbidities found in patients with T2DM diagnosis. It was a descriptive study of transversal collection, done in the Nutritional Clinic of João Barros Barreto University Hospital (Hospital Universitário João Barros Barreto – HUJBB), from September, 2011 to April, 2012. Data was collected in the moment of the nutritional care, using a structured questionnaire previously tested, which had the information related to the sociodemographic variables, anthropometric indicators, dietary profile and lipid profile. The study evaluated 180 patients with T2DM with the ages between 40 and 81, and checked that the studied population was predominantly female, with the age group from 50 to 59, complete Elementary School and family income of a minimum wage, with less than five years since the disease diagnosis, nondrinker, nonsmoker and sedentary. Among the found comorbidities there was a predominance of the Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia, nephropathy, neuropathy and stroke, being SAH the most predominant. The majority of the population was obese, dyslipidemic and has hyperglycemia. Inadequate dietary profile, due to low fiber intake and high consumption of proteins and cholesterol. It was checked that there is a significant correlation among the nutritional condition and some comorbidities, such as SAH, dyslipidemia and nephropathy; there is also a significant correlation between the dietary profile and the biochemical and anthropometric nutritional condition. Even though the studied population is being attended by the Institution’s multidisciplinary team, it was checked that this population shows metabolic disorder, which can contribute to micro- and macro-vascular complications, which makes necessary a set of more effective therapeutic actions, to give these patients a better quality of life, being essential to make them conscious about how important it is to join the treatment.