Mães soropositivas: análise compreensiva do trajeto de vida pós-transmissão vertical à luz da Psicologia Fenomenologica- Existencial

Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, responsible for defending the body from invading organisms. This is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which makes, in its advanced state, the human body more vulnerable to other diseases – so called opportunistic. Admittedly, both in biological and social aspect, there has been significant progress and positive development in these last three decades. The patients, who in early decades would have the virus rampantly spreading itself through their system, nowadays have extensive medical care and treatment, being able to gain control over it thus making it possible for them develop a healthy lifestyle. In the case of HIV-positive mothers, beyond all expectation and steadiness put on their shoulders, the chances of virus transmission to the child can result in anxiety throughout the maternity process. In this context, this research is aimed at understanding, through discourse, how mothers experience: the communication of the vertical transmission diagnosis and the route taken after this communication, from the philosophy by Martin Heidegger. It is a qualitative research, developed in accordance with the precepts of the phenomenological method, which advocates to understand the later on what it meant within its speech. Data collection was carried out by the assessment of individual interviews that originated from a guiding question through which various scenarios emerged and led to successful achievement of the proposed objective. In order to do an analysis that targets only the observed fact, the research is based on phenomenology, since it aims to directly investigate the phenomena that are experienced by consciousness, free of assumptions and prejudice. The interview was applied in six mothers who met the pre-established criteria. From the reports of the experiences six meanings attributed to the experience of mothers in the situation of vertical transmission of HIV were categorized, being related to the following themes: living with the facticity; feeling safe with the facticity: the various supports; living with the disease: characteristics of the living; idiosyncrasies of living with AIDS; and the transformations take place; present, past and future: temporalizing facticity.