Avaliação dos diferentes métodos encontrados na literatura para a obtenção de imunoglobulinas séricas de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

Abstract

By 2050, the world population is expected to reach 9.5 billion people, and to meet the consumption of this population, animal protein production will need to expand. The main activity of aquaculture in Brazil is the cultivation of freshwater fish, with tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) being the most farmed species in the Northern region due to its economic characteristics, flavor, and hardiness. However, one of the challenges faced in aquaculture is maintaining animal health, as bacteria and intestinal parasites, for example, can generate significant economic losses due to morbidity and mortality in farming. This work is a continuation of the Master's project whose results were the relation of the main infectious agents, studied by the scientific community, that affect tambaqui, and the development of a protocol for the isolation of total serum immunoglobulins from tambaqui, purify and compare the methods for obtaining tambaqui serum immunoglobulins in order to help us in the development of tools for elucidating the effectiveness of future vaccines and diagnostic kits. We evaluated precipitation with caprylic acid (CA), ammonium sulfate (AS), and the combination of both methods, followed by molecular exclusion and affinity chromatography. CA, at pH 5, proved to be more efficient in purification, especially when purified after Superdex 200, Sephacryl S200 and Superose 6 columns. The combination of CA and AS, as well as affinity chromatography, did not yield satisfactory results. The results obtained contribute to the development of diagnostic tools and disease control in aquaculture. In conclusion, the findings of this research represent a crucial step in the isolation and characterization of serum immunoglobulins, which will assist in the development of tools for the diagnosis and control of diseases in tambaqui aquaculture.