A abordagem da violência obstétrica nos espaços de formação do enfermeiro

Abstract

Introduction: Obstetric violence is a theme that became prominent in the late twentieth century, with the institutionalization of childbirth, turning it into a pathological event and removing women from the birth scene, making them subject to unnecessary procedures and attitudes caused by childbirth. Health professionals. The nurse gained space in the context of women's health care because she is the professional who stays longer with the parturient. Objective: To analyze how the theme of obstetric violence is addressed during the formation of nursing undergraduates of a public higher education institution in Manaus, Amazonas State. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, in which the following data collection techniques were used: focus group interview with 11 undergraduate nursing students; document analysis of Teaching Plans of the Nursing discipline in Integral Attention to Women's Health and Curricular Internship I; and, the participant observation in a public maternity hospital in Manaus, scenario of practice of the studied institution. As data analysis strategy we use the content analysis proposed by Bardin in the thematic modality. Results: The data collected and analyzed showed that most of the graduates of the course were women, aged between 20 and 29 years, evidencing that academics recognize violence as a practice of verbal and physical aggression, which can cause damage to health; By obstetric violence, they understand that they are physical, verbal aggression and neglect of the companion's right, committed against women in the puerperal pregnancy cycle causing harm to maternal and child health. As for the training spaces, the study showed that the theme of obstetric violence was not presented in the teaching plan, it was discussed in an incipient manner, expressing the lack of scientific evidence to guide teachers in conducting the theme. The teaching plans indicate that obstetric violence is being discussed in the classroom implicitly in the contents that address humanization and violence against women. In the practice scenarios, it was observed that violence was explicitly explained to students as it happened, and by presenting itself more concretely, it became more visible, allowing the student a more critical reflection on the phenomenon. It was evidenced that theory and practice go in unarticulated way and that obstetric violence can be minimized through the integration between universities and health services, as well as the use of strategies that enable the sensitization of students. Final considerations: Obstetric violence has been approached in the formation of nurses in the classroom, in the practice and internship scenarios, however it is necessary greater commitment of the Higher Education Institution health services in its approach based on the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy. of Birth and Birth, in order to qualify the training of future professionals to offer women and children dignified and quality assistance.