Os impactos da abertura econômica na Zona Franca de Manaus e o desempenho do setor externo dos pólos eletroeletrônico e de duas rodas no período de 1990 a 2004

Abstract

The Brazilian politics of opening to the exterior, implemented for the government in 90´s decade, placed the production of the Manaus Industrial Pole in great competition with imported similars, competitive prices and quality, generating a crisis in the region.The effect of the crisis had been felt in such a way by the commerce, that have not attracted tourist of other regions of the country, as for the industry that observed a great fall in the global invoicing. To surpass the crisis, the government took a series of measures that they had aimed at to guarantee the permanence of the Manaus Free Trade Zone model, with prominence for the substitution of the minimum indices of nationalization for basic the productive process, creation of the EIZOF - International Warehouse of Manaus Free Trade Zone and the PEXPAM - Exportation for the Amazon Program. These measures, besides increasing the number of workers of the Manaus Industrial Pole, contained, in its bulge, incentives to extend the exportations of the companies installed in the city. The present work presents exportations evolution of the companies installed in Manaus, with prominence for the eletronic pole and two wheels, responsible the PIM great part of the production. The period of analysis goes from 1990 up to 2004, decade marked for great transformations in the region. The effect of these transformations will be analyzed by means of economic and social pointers. It is observed, to the long one of the period of analysis, an increment in the exportations of the companies of the PIM. However, the participation of the exportations in the invoicing of the companies still is very small, keeping the initial characteristic of the Manaus Free Trade Zone model to take care of, basically, the Brazilian domestic market.