Produção de inflorescências de cultivares de brócolis em condições de clima quente e úmido da Amazônia Central

Abstract

Broccoli has economic, social and nutritional importance for generating income, employment and rich nutritional composition. Temperature is one of the main environmental factors capable of influencing the production of broccoli. Thus, with the objective of evaluating broccoli cultivars of the branch and single “head” groups with the best inflorescence production under hot and humid conditions in Central Amazonia, two experiments were carried out at Embrapa Amazônia Occidental, located at km 30 of Highway AM 010, in the period from August 2016 to January 2017. Experiment 1 evaluated the cultivars of the branch group Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Ramoso Santana, Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce, Ramirez F1, Hanabi, Piracicaba Precoce Verão and Hanapon by the characteristics number of inflorescences per plant, fresh and dry mass of the flower buds, stems, leaves and total inflorescences. Experiment 2 evaluated the cultivars of the single “head” group Green Storm, Strong, TPX-00925, Salinas F1, Bibou, Domador, Burney and BRO 68 by the characteristics presence of leaves in the inflorescence, presence of anthocyanin in the inflorescence, granulometry of flower buds, premature opening of floral buds, arrangement of florets, occurrence of hollow stem in inflorescence, diameter of floral peduncle, largest diameter of inflorescence, diameter perpendicular to the largest diameter of inflorescence, fresh and dry mass of the inflorescence. The experimental design was a randomized block with eight treatments and four replicates for each experiment. The plot consisted of two lines with a total of fourteen plants spaced 1.0 m between rows and 0.5 m between plants. The useful area of the plot was formed by ten central plants and an area of 5.0 m2. As a border, two rows with evaluated broccoli cultivars were planted around the perimeter of the experimental area. The cultivars of broccoli that present the best production of inflorescences in hot and humid conditions of Central Amazonia are Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Ramoso Santana, Piracicaba Precoce and Piracicaba Precoce Verão of the branch group and Burney of the single “head” group.