Adaptabilidade e estabilidade da produção e seus componentes em clones de Coffea canephora, na Amazônia Ocidental

Abstract

This study investigated the interaction between Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner clones in different environments in the Western Amazon, emphasizing the adaptability and stability of the genotypes regarding grain productivity and related characteristics. The first chapter identified the yield index, uniformity, and maturation cycle of 15 genotypes. The research was conducted in Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Manaus, and the state of Rondônia, in Porto Velho. The performance of 15 genotypes developed by Embrapa was evaluated. The genotype by environment (GE) interaction was significant for the evaluated variables, indicating the differentiated performance of the clones in the studied environments. The superiority of genotypic coefficients over environmental ones suggested the predominance of genetic effects in the expression of yield indices and maturation uniformity. The average yield index was 24.68%, and the average field yield was 22.57%. Itacoatiara had the highest averages. The overall average fruit maturation uniformity was 63.02%, with Porto Velho having the highest average uniformity (71.78%). The BRS 1216 cultivar showed the best performance for yield indices and provided the greatest selection gain on the environment average, presenting broad adaptability for the yield index and specific adaptability for field yield in favorable environments. The BRS 3210 and BRS 3220 cultivars stood out with more than 82% maturation uniformity, adaptability to unfavorable environments, and good predictability. The clones presented maturation cycles as expected. The second chapter aimed to quantify the GE interaction and recommend C. canephora cultivars with high genotypic performance for Amazonas. Those 15 genotypes were evaluated in Humaitá, Itacoatiara, and Manaus’ environments over three consecutive harvests. The experiments measured the productivity of processed grains and characterized the adaptability and stability of the genotypes using different methodologies. In Humaitá, the overall average productivity was 53.18 sacks per hectare (sc ha-1); in Itacoatiara, 78.58 sc ha-1; and in Manaus, 69.04 sc ha-1. Significant differences between the genotypes were detected, and the GE interaction was complex, with Manaus and Itacoatiara being favorable environments. The variation coefficients reflected good experimental conduct and the predominance of the genetic component in productivity expression, with the CVg/CVe ratio in Manaus being 2.10, suggesting greater potential for selection gains. The BRS 1216 cultivar stood out with the highest overall average productivity and high adaptability and stability of behavior. Clone 15 showed high general adaptability and the second-highest productive performance. The BRS 1216, Clone 15, BRS 2336, BRS 2357, BRS 2299, and Clone 09 clones stood out for their productive superiority, predictable behavior, and responsiveness to environmental variations, making them potential genotypes for productivity to be planted in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.