Monitoramento ambiental: estudo de caso no distrito agropecuário da SUFRAMA, Manaus-AM

Abstract

Man-made landscape modifications have been extensively researched through the use of remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Therefore, the mapping of land use and coverage contributes to environmental planning with actions aimed at combating, mainly deforestation and forest fires. The objective of this research was to analyze the dynamics of the deforestation of the branch ZF1 and ZF2, from 1999 to 2018 with the use of geoprocessing tools and present the current socioeconomic profile of the branches inserted in the Agricultural District of SUFRAMA. In order to extract information from these extensions, orbital images were collected using a series of Digital Image Processing techniques that encompass three main steps: preprocessing, image enhancement technique, and image classification and segmentation techniques. The research methodology consisted in evaluating the performance of unsupervised, supervised and regionally based classifiers. Six thematic classes were defined related to primary forest, secondary forest, anthropic area, water, clouds and shade. To evaluate the performance of the classifiers, we used images from the Planet Scope satellite with a resolution of 3 meters. From this procedure, it was possible to evaluate the accuracy of the results with Kappa index. The results showed better performance for the region - based classifier with the Maximum Likelihood algorithm for mapping the region. When the current socioeconomic survey of the branches showed the aggravating social status of the people who live there, without any assistance; poor infrastructure for agricultural production and land conflicts increasingly open up new areas, contributing to the increasing rate of deforestation. The multitemporal analysis of the deforestation of the researched area presented changes in its forest cover that are directly influenced by anthropic factors due to the lack of control and monitoring of the occupation of the study area.