Distribuição natural, nicho ecológico e caracterização da diversidade genética de Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Abstract

Amazonian biodiversity is constantly threatened due to anthropic action, especially deforestation. Degraded land reclamation programs are potential alternatives for the reuse of deforested areas and reduce exploitation pressure on remnants of native forests. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of a species is important for management or for new plantings, to properly extractivism and also for conservation and genetic improvement. The use of specific microsatellite primers for Trema micrantha (L.) Blume allows the study of the diversity of individuals of a population and among populations of this potential species for reforestation in the Amazon aiming at the conservation and use of their genetic resources. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of T. micrantha populations in municipalities of the State of Amazonas using microsatellites and to study the climate niche and the impact of different climate change scenarios on the potential geographic distribution of T. micrantha. end ecological niche models. We collected 47 plants from 3 municipalities of Amazonas. Five microsatellite polymorphic loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the species. Genotyping was obtained by capillary electrophoresis and analyzed by the R platform. It was possible to observe, for the sampling sites, high genetic diversity among individuals within natural populations of Trema micrantha and its genetic structure presents as a metapopulation for the study sites. It is emphasized that new individuals and other microsatellite loci should be analyzed to increase sampling and confirm the results. From the points of Trema micrantha it was observed that its geographical distribution in the Brazilian territory is mainly associated with altered areas in the process of secondary succession, and with a tropical character. The most sensitive areas for species reduction in Brazil from projections for the 2020-2050 and 2051-2070 periods are concentrated in the Amazon, Pantanal and Cerrado biomes. The coastal areas of the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica biomes can be considered as strategic for the conservation and sustainable management of the species, since they presented higher climatic suitability for Trema micrantha and can function as priority areas for seed collection for reforestation and conservation of variability. genetics of the species in situ.