Manifestações orais de pacientes com diagnóstico de leucemia aguda em um centro de referência em hematologia e hemoterapia no Amazonas: análise descritiva de uma coorte

Abstract

Acute leukemia is characterized by an increase in the production of immature blood cells in the bone marrow. Individuals with leukemia may present oral manifestations resulting from the disease itself or secondary. Due to the scarcity of data on the incidence of these data, this study aims to evaluate the incidence of oral mucositis in patients with acute leukemia, lymphoid (ALL) or myeloid (AML), diagnosed at a reference center in Hematology and Hemotherapy in the Amazon, as well as to characterize the clinical profile of this population. The study was characterized as a retrospective cohort from 2018 to 2020, with data collection from the physical/electronic medical record during a period of one year from the moment of diagnosis. 117 patients were found during the proposed period and their data were collected at five moments: diagnosis (M1), 1 month (M2), 3 months (M3), 6 months (M4) and 1 year (M5). Of this total, 84.6% (n=99) of patients were diagnosed with ALL and 15,4% (n=18) with AML. The mean and median were 16 and 14 years, respectively, with 54,70% (n=64) male and 45,29% (n=53) female. Of the 110 patients who underwent dental evaluation, 52.72% (n=58) reported oral manifestations in some of the moments, with the majority 41.81% (n=46) in isolated moments. The incidence of oral manifestations found was respectively 14.56% (n=15) in M1; 35.92% (n=37) in M2; 8.73% (n=9) in M3; 18.44% (n=19) in M4; 22.33% (n=23) in M5. In a stratified manner, ALL presented 50% (n=46/92) of oral manifestations, especially mucositis lesion (n=27) and ulcerated lesion (n=11) and AML 66.66% (n=12/18) with lesion ulcerated (n=4) and unspecified injuries (n=3). Incidence of oral manifestations in patients with acute leukemias was frequent, most of them in M2. Additional studies are needed to accurately verify which elements may interfere with this outcome to better elucidate this finding.