Mansonelose no munícipio de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

The filaria worms are parasites which belong to the phylum Nematoda, superfamily They are transmitted by insect vectors as black flies, mosquitoes and ceratopogonidea. Among the filaria worms that cause diseases in humans, there are: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella ozzardi, Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca and Loa loa. In the Brazilian Amazon, there are three species: O. volvulus, Onchocerciasis agent, and M. ozzardi and M. perstans, the mansonelliasis agents. The mansonelliasis caused by M. ozzardi is a disease whose pathogenicity is still a matter of debate, with some characteristic symptoms, being commonly confused with other tropical diseases such as malaria. This pathology shows that the prevalence increases with age, affecting preferably males with greater exposure to the vector. The infection by this parasite was typically rural, however the prevalence in urban areas has grown and it is now equivalent to those found in rural areas. In order to verify the occurrence of mansonelliasis in São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM), an epidemiological study was conducted to collect blood by finger prick, for impregnation on filter paper and production of thick blood slide from July to August 2015. The material was stored at the cooling temperature of 4 ° C to 8 ° C until its arrival at the Multiuser Laboratory Leonidas Institute and Maria Deane of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Manaus, where they were subjected to the later stages: DNA extraction, Nested PCR, sequencing and reading of thick films. Among 497 individuals analyzed, 81 (16.3%) were positive by molecular analysis and 39 (7.9%) by the thick drop technique, and of these, 50 (22.4%) were male and 31 (11 3%) female. Within 81 positive individuals by FnPCR, 37 (45.7%) live in areas considered urban (area 1), 20 (24.7%) in periurban area (area 2) and 24 (29.6%) in rural area (area 3). Within the 39 positive participants by the thick drop technique, 13 (33.3%) were living in urban areas, 14 (35.9%) in peri-urban and 12 (30.8%) in rural areas. The study revealed that there was no diversity of the parasite in the region from July to August 2015, with the acquisition of compatible sequences only the Mansonella ozzardi, further demonstrating that molecular technique represents an important potential for the lifting of the epidemiology of filaria in the region and can be used with simple collection, by fingerstick, on filter paper facilitating surveying in remote areas and logistical constraints.