Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de espécies de staphylococcus isolados das cidades de Manaus e Porto Velho

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a potential pathogen, accounting for 60% of infections in ICU`s and can be found in the nasopharyngeal region and also in the nasal cavity, especially in health care workers who become sources of dissemination of these microorganisms in hospital. However, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to combat these pathogens, has caused the emergence of bacteria possessing resistance genes such as mecA. Of which are about 30 to 50% of the strains of S. aureus and more than 50% of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The CONS are increasingly becoming the target of concern in hospital environments, increasing the need for screening, prevention and control of resistant strains. Therefore, the objective of this work was the characterization of Staphylococcus sp., looking for the resistance gene and genetic mapping of S. aureus in clinical samples from the cities of Manaus and Porto Velho. The techniques used were biochemical tests, antibiogram, PCR (for 16 rRNA gene and mecA) and MLST. The four strains of CONS were found, three of Staphylococcus sciuri and S. epidermidis, characterized by phenotypic and genotypic tests. They were possessed of the methicillin resistance gene mecA. As for S. aureus studied, failed to detect the presence of the mecA gene, but gene mapping was performed from these samples with the technique of MLST, using five housekeeping genes. In this analysis we observed the formation of two large clusters between the cities of Manaus and Porto Velho, and two samples showed genetic divergence from other, thus demonstrating genetic variability between the cities of northern Brazil. The evidence related in the scientific literature, little research related to knowledge and epidemiological characterization of strains existing in the Amazon region, in this research, we discussed some questions of phenotypic analysis, characterization of new resistant strains and preparation of database for future development of biotechnological tools.