A atividade pedagógica do professor e o espaço de apropriação da linguagem escrita pela criança pré-escolar: um estudo a partir da abordagem histórico-cultural

Abstract

The fact of understanding that the appropriation of the written language implies overcoming pedagogical practices that focus on memorization and repetition of letters and syllables is essential knowledge for teachers to promote rapprochement between the children and the writing culture in preschool. The Historical-Cultural Theory shows that writing is a complex cultural instrument. For a person to take ownership of such writing, it is necessary that there are activities with meaning and direction, in which the use of writing by and with children happen according to the purpose for which this language was created. The Early Childhood Education is responsible for forming the basis for the appropriation of writing. Its prerogative is not to literate the children. With the aim of reflecting on the role of teachers and their pedagogical practices in the written language appropriation process by a child in the preschool – considering the assumptions of historical-cultural approach – we have developed a research involving four preschool teachers, specifically for children of five years of age, from a local public preschool in the city of Manaus. The methodology was based both on interviews with the four teachers at the same time and on the observation of one of the classrooms – the information about this one was collected in a specific notebook, and was also registered by photos and short footages; there was even an autoscopy sessions with the teacher of the observed classroom. Through the collected information, one could notice that, when it comes to writing, the implicit concepts in the activities proposed by the teachers to children have not yet incorporated the understanding that this language is developed by practices that enrich the experiences with the culture and the possibilities of expression of the child by the acts of drawing, playing or practicing productive activities, as well as the contact with the culture surrounding the writing, which is converted into different genres of the speech. It was also possible to notice that the specific ways of learning of the young children have not been considered when the activities are planned at school. This is an essential aspect to be introduced in the initial and continued education of teachers, who are privileged object of investigation of research field training and practice of educators, considering the challenges faced in the Amazon region, to which this research is linked.This research has also shown that the act of providing time and space for theoretical reflection about pedagogical practice promotes the expansion of teachers' reflections on their doings, and it is the first step to provide changes on the writing proposals made to children.