Avaliação do perfil fitoquímico, antibiótico e anti- inflamatório do extrato de gengibre amargo (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) para o tratamento da acne vulgar

Abstract

Acne Vulgaris is the skin infection that most takes patients to dermatological offices, caused mainly by the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes. With the proliferation of resistant bacteria, the need to develop new products effective in combating Acne Vulgaris has grown. As dermocosmetics are cosmetic products containing bioactive ingredients, it was decided to use the essential oil extracted from bitter ginger as a bioactive for the treatment of acne vulgaris, incorporating it into a gel-cream base formulation. Bitter Ginger (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) is a wild plant of Asian origin that has adapted to the Amazon region and was cultivated in Manaus. It presents a series of chemical compounds with high therapeutic power, its major

component is Zerumbone that has antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antiallergic, anti- inflammatory, anticancer, antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant activity. The present study

aimed to evaluate the activity of the pharmaceutical form developed from Zingiber zerumbet against the pathogen of acne vulgaris. The collection of the plant was conducted in the Ramal do Pau Rosa – KM 21 BR 174, in four periods, the essential oils were extracted by Hydrodistillation with modified Clevenger and analyzed by means of GC-MS. The characteristics of the gel-cream were evaluated by organoleptic tests, apparent density, spreadability test and thermal stress. The antibiotic activity of the essential oils and the isolated bioactive were evaluated by the 96-well microdilution method against the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the pharmacological assays, the acute toxicity, orally and intraperitoneally, of the essential oils of bitter ginger was

verified in Balb/C Mice and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated topically with the gel- cream of bitter ginger in Wistar Rats. Seasonality was obtained through the yield of essential

oils and up to 3.39%. Chromatography of essential oils showed zerumbone as the major component with concentrations of up to 98%. The gel-cream was stable at temperatures below 70 °C with a high degree of coverage on the applied surface. The antibiotic action demonstrated potential for the treatment of Acne Vulgaris, as its activity was analogous to the antibiotic Tetracycline with MIC ≥125 μg/mL and MBC ≥250 μg/mL. In vivo tests, mild signs of toxicity

and little mortality were observed between groups at doses up to 2500 mg/kg orally. The anti- inflammatory action was analogous to Indomethacin with a concentration of 100 mg/mL of

essential oil in the gel-cream.