Estudo químico e atividades biológicas dos frutos de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer)

Abstract

The Astrocaryum genus consists of 40 species, highlighting the Astrocaryum aculeatum species known as the tucumã-of-Amazon and Astrocarym vulgare, tucumã-of-Pará. The tucumã-of-Amazon offers fruits consumed in food aplenty on Amazon. The fruit has several varieties, is oily and its pulp can vary from yellow to orange color, being consumed in various forms, as in nature, filling sandwiches and tapioca, ice cream, among others. About 60% of the fruit is treated as waste and disposed of without giving functionality for both man and the environment. The present study aimed to study the chemical composition and biological activities of two varieties of Astrocaryum aculeatum known as tucumã-arara (TA) and tucumã-comum (TC). Extraction of essential oils from two varieties of fruits pulp tucuma-the Amazons were performed, and the classes present in the oils: hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenylpropanoids, terpenes, and carboxylic acids showing the largest percentage present in oils being the major constituent of tucumã-arara and tucumã-comum are cis-9-octadecenoic acid (23.19%) and (E)-docos-13-enoic acid (29,89%), respectively. The physico-chemical analyzes were performed with the oil extracted with solvent (hexane) of the epicarp (peel) of the fruits. In the analysis of oxidative stability, the values given by TA (24.25 h) and TC (9.24 h) showed that they do not degrade easily. Regarding the acid value, the TC (27.72 ± 0.38) showed a higher value compared to TA (15.08 ± 0.61). These values shown by the index of acidity were higher than recommended for consumption that is 10 mg KOH / g for palm oils. The saponification values for TA was 163.92 ± 2.42 and 167.90 TC was ± 3.46. The density of the varieties were similar, 0.912 g / mL for TC and 0.911 g / ml to TA. Tests for antioxidant quantity and quality activities in hydroalcoholic extracts (6:4), methanolic and ethanolic epicarpos of the two varieties were made. The results were positive for all statements in the qualitative test, therefore, the quantitative were performed in which the extracts showed that the best results were with hydroalcoholic percentage inhibition of 78.63% TA and 79.36% of TC . The IC50 was also performed and the hydroalcoholic extract was also presented the best concentration to 59.11 mg / mL for TA and 57.24 mg / mL for TC. The antimicrobial activity was tested with alcoholic extracts of epicarpos and tested negative for all strains tested. Mass spectrometry was performed with extracts from the bark in the positive mode by ESI and APCI and ESI in negative mode and the partitions of the extracts from the encocarp by ESI in negative mode. The major ions by the peel ESI [M + H]+ were m/z 138 identified as an alkaloid trigonelline called and m/z 219 adult with glucose as potassium [glucose + K]+. At APCI [M + H]+, catechin was identified as majority, with m / z ESI 291 [MH]-. Tucumã-comum the majority of was m/z 133, referring to a phenolic, known as 3-hydroxycoumarin and the majority of tucumã-arara was m / z 179, known as caffeic acid. In the mass spectrum of the endocarp (seed) ESI [MH]- ions is one of the major m/z 137, related to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid, as they are isomers.