Análise das metodologias ativas nos cursos de graduação da área da saúde para o desenvolvimento de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the active methodologies in undergraduate courses in the health area for the development of a Virtual Learning Environment (AVA). Methodology: A methodological study based on the AVA production and based on the precepts of the MA, using the Moodle platform. The methodological trajectory followed two stages in the chronological sequence: (1) Integrative Review (IR) performed in the SciELO virtual library and in the LILACS and PubMed databases with the objective of identifying in the scientific literature the opinions, knowledge and attitudes of teaching professionals of the health area on the use of MA in undergraduate education. This initial step gave subsidies for the subsequent stage; (2) development of AVA as a possibility to democratize the use of MA in higher education in the health area. In this last activity, two steps were followed: planning and design. Results: (1) RI was composed of a sample of 25 publications. After analysis, three thematic categories were obtained: "opinions of the health professors on the use of active methodologies"; "Knowledge of health teachers about the use of active methodologies" and "attitudes of health professors on the use of active methodologies". The adoption of the MA is still a challenge, since in the articles emerged that the teachers have more difficulties than facilities, which justifies the construction of the AVA as another strategy for its placement. (2) The AVA was developed using the following Digital Information and Communication Technologies: video, quiz and forum. In relation to MAs, a panorama was drawn from the difference between banking methodology and active methodology, through theoretical citation, reflection on the pedagogical practices most accomplished in the teaching-learning process in undergraduate courses in health; the teacher profile of this large area; the responsibility of this teacher with his education; need to know the active methodologies to apply them to the concept, objectives, applicability and stages of the BPA. Final considerations: Based on the analysis of the data of this research, it was possible, at the end of the study, to consider that the teachers' opinions about the MA were focused on "the prevalence of the teaching banking model", and the existence of " infrastructure and didactic-pedagogical management ". With regard to the teachers' knowledge, it was possible to detect that there is "need to know the MA" and the need for instrumentation to use them. As for the attitudes, teachers presented "immobility in the face of the necessary changes", "favorable attitude to the use of MA" and positive impact on academic formation by the teaching activity based on MA. It has been observed in several studies that the undergraduate health professors have little knowledge about MS, generating a feeling of insecurity, restlessness and even resistance, by some professionals, regarding the use of MA in the course of their teaching practice. These results enabled the development of the AVA entitled "Portal of Active Methodologies", created from the moodle platform, believing that through this digital technology, linked to the internet, based on the constructivist standards under the critical, reflective and participatory view of users, aiming at to the autonomy of teachers, it is possible to reduce teachers' negative feelings about MA.