Etnoconhecimento de paisagens pré-colombianas e contemporâneas: uma perspectiva para o turismo sustentado na Ilha de Terra Nova, em Careiro da Várzea-AM

Abstract

The scope of this master's dissertation walked through the landscapes created for thousands of years by the physical environment and also by the people that interact in the environment of the Island of Terra Nova. However, before that, brief statements are made in relation to the Amazon. Here, comments are made from the mouth of the Xingu River, on the left bank. It is from this point that there is the influence of the tide, that is, every twenty-four hours, there is the rise and fall of the waters, in which there are sensible landscape changes, however, both peoples with the diversity of animals are slightly used to to the tidal environment. From Santarém, however, there is no longer any interference from the tide, and down to the triple borders between Brazil, Peru and Colombia, seasonal seasons predominate. So in this game of waters it was the choice to research the landscapes that there is on the Island of Terra Nova in Careiro da Várzea in the state of Amazonas. For the purpose, the following objective was traced in carrying out an inventory of pre-Columbian and contemporary landscapes. The tool used was to verify the studies carried out at pre-Columbian and contemporary levels and also the field part. After reviewing the literature, it became clear that the people who managed the rivers, lakes, Paraná, boreholes and interfluvial areas were skilled in forest management practices, perhaps the results today are the terra preta formation landscapes associated with diversities of plants. In the field stages carried out in the communities of São José and São Francisco, four characteristics of landscapes were inventoried, which are: a) landscapes generated by the flood and drought events of the river; b) constructive landscapes of green fences, in which typical floodplain woods are used; c) landscapes of igapós in the months of February to March the water surface is covered with flowers and murerus; d) landscapes of terra preta soil. When there were six trails, they were: a) access to the igapó to collect seeds; b) to go to the swidden to cultivate agriculture for six months; c) access to the Amazon River, in the dry season they are about one km away from the residences; d) to drown the cassava; e) to collect the clay to build the structure of the flour toasting oven, and the last one is f) to build a wooden platform for accessing the residences in the months from April to July. And, it is concluded that the systems of articulations between the communities are healthy and important for the preservation and conservation of the landscapes and by chickens dialogues can be made viable for sustainable tourism.